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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Individual mandate ： ウィキペディア英語版 Individual mandate An individual mandate is a requirement by law that certain persons purchase or otherwise obtain a good or service. ==Health insurance in the US== In the United States, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act signed in 2010 imposes a health insurance mandate to take effect in 2014. In 2010, a number of states joined litigation in federal court arguing that Congress did not have the power to pass this law and that power to "regulate" commerce does not include an affirmative power to compel commerce by penalizing inaction. On June 28, 2012, the Supreme Court of the United States upheld the health insurance mandate as a valid tax, in the case of National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius and thus within Congress' taxing, but not spending, powers. In 2011, two of four federal appellate courts upheld the individual mandate; a third declared it unconstitutional, and a fourth said the federal Anti-Injunction Act prevents the issue from being decided until taxpayers begin paying penalties in 2015.〔http://www.startribune.com/nation/127629713.html〕 In 1994, the Congressional Budget Office issued a report describing an individual mandate to buy insurance as "an unprecedented form of federal action... The government has never required people to buy any good or service as a condition of lawful residence in the United States." On August 30, 2013, final regulations were published in the ''Federal Register'' (),〔(【引用サイトリンク】date=March 6, 2014 )〕 with minor corrections published December 26, 2013 (). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Individual mandate」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.